Clear answers to the questions on your mind.

An abrupt tightening triggers an equal-treatment debate. The transition should be made with a rule-reminder announcement plus consistent application going forward.

Open-source models are granted certain exemptions, but these are limited (especially at the systemic-risk threshold). No exemption should be assumed until your form of use and distribution have been analysed.

We follow a structured route. First we clarify the use cases and the data boundaries and decide which work is genuinely suited to AI. Then come tool selection, a pilot workflow, a use policy and training for the team; starting with a small, measurable pilot both protects the budget and earns the team’s confidence.The legal side of the set-up matters at least as much as the technical side: whether your data may be used for training, and the retention and confidentiality terms, have to be secured in the supplier con…

The biggest risks are failing to grant a reasonable notice period and, where its conditions are met, a goodwill indemnity claim; under German law these claims can extend to distributors as well. We build the termination strategy on notice period, grounds and documentation, and make the cost predictable.

On the contrary, the most costly legal mistakes are usually made during the founding and growth phase. That is the phase in which the partnership structure, the first contracts, the employment relationships and the personal-data arrangements all get set, and foundations laid wrong cost several times as much to correct afterwards. For smaller companies we build entry-level models with a deliberately narrow scope that scales with the need, so the scope widens as the company grows. You get legal support at the decisi…

Income-tax withholding incentives, SGK (Social Security) premium support, and the R&D deduction are the principal advantages; there are minimum-headcount and activity conditions. We manage the application and maintenance obligations end to end.

The application is made through the employer; capital, employment-ratio, and wage thresholds must be met. Missing documents and an incorrect position definition are grounds for rejection. We build the application strategy according to the company's structure and manage the process end to end.

A liaison office is suitable for market research and representation; commercial activity and issuing invoices are prohibited. If commercial activity is planned, a branch or company must be established. We determine the right structure according to your activity plan.

The instrument here is an action to set aside the disposition. Where a debtor has transferred property to a spouse, a relative or someone else close to them in order to put it beyond a creditor’s reach, that transfer can be rendered ineffective as against the creditor under the avoidance provisions of the Enforcement and Bankruptcy Law (No. 2004) — Article 277 and following. If the action succeeds, the asset can go on appearing in the third party’s name and still be attached and sold for the creditor.Some transfer…

A refusal is not the end of it, and these applications are often turned round. The first option is an administrative objection to the authority that made the decision, asking it to withdraw the refusal. If that produces nothing, an action for annulment of the refusal is brought before the administrative court.The clocks are short. Under the Administrative Procedure Law (No. 2577) the period for bringing an action is, as a rule, sixty days from notification — and these are forfeiture periods, so missing one ends th…

At fairs and exhibitions a competitor can move against your stand and your goods by way of an interim injunction, usually on the strength of a trade mark, patent or design claim — asking for the products to be seized or the display to be stopped. You can prepare from both directions.Preventively, a protective brief can be filed with the court in advance, setting out your position against an injunction application that has not yet been made. The point of it is that when the court comes to decide without hearing the…

Voluntary disclosure mechanisms significantly reduce penalties in most member states. We quantify the risk by period and by country and build a correction strategy — waiting increases the cost.

Bad-faith reports can be made subject to sanctions; however, the threshold must be kept high — otherwise use of the channel is deterred. In the policy, we draw a clear line between an honest but mistaken report and a bad-faith one.

A second application filed without analysing the grounds for rejection will also be rejected. Between a timely objection and a strengthened new application that closes off those grounds, we choose whichever route will produce the fastest result for your file.

We can document the situation through evidence preservation and pursue warning and interim injunction processes within the same fair; after the fair, we continue enforcement with litigation and customs measures. Speed is decisive in the effective protection of the right.

Buy nothing without both a legal and a technical examination. On the title deed record, check that the property genuinely belongs to the seller, and look for every restriction sitting on it — mortgages, attachments, annotations, easements, and an annotation that the property is a family residence.From the municipality, examine the zoning status, the construction permit and the occupancy permit, and establish whether there is any risk of unpermitted building, or building that departs from the permit. Ask whether co…

Enforcement of a foreign arbitral award in Türkiye runs under the 1958 New York Convention, to which Türkiye is a party; where a case falls outside the Convention, the provisions of the Act on Private International and Procedural Law (MÖHUK, No. 5718) apply instead.The basic conditions are a valid arbitration agreement in writing, respect for the parties’ rights of defence and to equal treatment, an award that has become binding, and content that does not offend Turkish public policy. Two features make this narrow…

Defence strategy and communication strategy cannot be separated; a wrong statement becomes adverse evidence in the file. As the legal team, we build a measured communication framework that preserves the presumption of innocence; where necessary, we pursue access-blocking and right-of-reply remedies.

In practice, the employer is expected to have a certain level of paid-in capital or turnover and to employ a certain number of Turkish workers per foreign national; exceptions exist depending on the position. Before the application, we analyse your criteria and, if necessary, bring the structure into compliance. As a concrete benchmark (as of July 2026), the rules set under the International Labour Force Law (No. 6735) and its secondary legislation expect five Turkish employees for each foreign national at the wor…

In practice, a certain capital/turnover level and the employment of Turkish staff per foreign national are required; there are exceptions depending on the position. We run the criteria analysis before the application and, where necessary, bring the structure into conformity.

Typical requests are data on emissions (Scope 1-2-3), energy, occupational accidents, employee rights and procurement policies. We assess the contractual basis and proportionality of the request and structure the data sharing with a balance for trade secrets.

Your statements must be documentable; exaggerated sustainability claims (greenwashing) create a separate sanction risk. We build data collection processes around the criterion of provability and pass declaration texts through a legal filter.

You receive a report that gathers the debtor’s located assets in one place and can be turned straight into an enforcement step. It typically covers immovable property from the land registry, vehicles, findings on bank and financial accounts, company shareholdings and receivables — each with its type, its registration details and, where one can be established, an estimated value.On top of that sits an attachment priority — which asset can realistically be turned into money fastest — and the recommended sequence of…

Defending the benchmarking analysis and the documentation is essential; group agreements and evidence of services actually rendered are decisive. If necessary, the double taxation treaty and the MAP process are brought into play.