Clear answers to the questions on your mind.

The inventory is an internal record of all processing activities and is mandatory for everyone; VERBİS, on the other hand, is the public registry notification of data controllers that meet the criteria. We build the inventory in line with operations and derive VERBİS from it.

They are both interim protection, but they serve different kinds of claim. A preliminary attachment secures the collection of a monetary claim — or a claim for security — by seizing the debtor’s assets, and it can be obtained before an action or enforcement proceedings have even been started. It sits in the Enforcement and Bankruptcy Law (İİK, No. 2004).A preliminary injunction applies to everything that is not a money claim: prohibiting the transfer of an asset, suspending its use, preventing a right from being e…

Under Turkish law, a secure electronic signature is legally equivalent to a wet-ink signature; however, certain transactions (e.g., specific security and consumer transactions) are exceptions. We map which signature type is sufficient in your processes and flag the risky exceptions.

The choice turns on the size of the dispute, the countries the parties are in, the language of the contract and what you expect it to cost. The ICC offers global recognition and a deep body of practice. The DIS has a practical advantage in relationships with a German connection, in language and in legal culture. ISTAC can suit disputes centred on Türkiye, for proximity, language and cost.Awards from all three are enforceable under the International Arbitration Law (No. 4686) and the New York Convention, so enforce…

Recognition gives a foreign judgment the force of a final judgment and of conclusive evidence in Türkiye. Enforcement does that and adds one thing more: it makes the judgment capable of being executed here by compulsion.In practice the choice follows from what you need to happen. If money has to be collected, property delivered or an obligation performed against the other side’s will, enforcement is the only route. If it is enough that a legal position is accepted in Türkiye — a divorce, a parentage, a status — re…

A franchise transfers the use of a brand, know-how, and a system under strict standards and gives rise to an ongoing support obligation; a dealership is a looser sales relationship. The balance of liability and termination shifts with the model — we choose the right model together.

The minimum capital for a GmbH is €25,000 (at least half of which is paid in upon formation); with the notary, commercial register and bank account steps, the process usually takes a few weeks. Starting with lower capital via a UG is also possible. We build the structure together with its tax dimension.

The minimum share capital for a GmbH is EUR 25,000 (at least half is paid in at incorporation); incorporation before a notary and registration in the commercial register are required. Alternatively, the lower-capital UG structure can also be considered. We choose the right structure with you based on your objectives.

Documentation: non-project expenditures getting mixed in, gaps in time records and deviations from commitments going unreported. Setting up the audit framework from day one reduces the repayment risk.

Starting the period incorrectly (counting it from the order rather than from delivery) and expanding the exceptions without any legal basis. Both lead to extended periods in the consumer’s favour and to penalties.

Cookies that run without consent and designs that pressure users to “accept all” are risky under both the KVKK and the GDPR. We turn your cookie layer into one that offers genuine choice and keeps records.

In German commercial practice, the review of general terms and conditions (AGB) is strict; some clauses customary in Türkiye may be held invalid in Germany. We build your contracts with German case law in view, settle the German-law points together with our partner firm activelaw, and make clear in bilingual texts which language prevails.

Where collusion (a sham subcontracting arrangement) is established, the subcontractor's employees are deemed to have been the principal employer's from the outset; wage and severance liability arises jointly. We set up the subcontracting arrangement in compliance with the legislation and establish the contractual and audit framework.

Understating the price on the title deed looks like a saving on fees and is nothing of the kind. It is a tax problem first: the title deed fee is charged on the real price, so an understated figure means the fee is short, and that brings a tax penalty, late-payment interest and liability under the Tax Procedure Law.It is also an evidential problem, because a transaction recorded at an unreal price can be treated as simulated, which makes anything you later need to prove harder to prove. And it quietly removes the…

The threshold is updated every year and is lower for shortage occupations; planning is therefore based on the official figure for the year of application, not on a fixed number. We recommend setting the contract salary with a safe…

Operating with a deficient licence can give rise to sanctions ranging from an administrative fine to the closure of the business premises. The sanctions are graduated: an administrative fine and suspension of the activity first and, where the deficiency is not made good, sealing and closure of the premises. They rest on the workplace opening-and-operating licence legislation together with the relevant sectoral rules. The exposure does not stop at the administrative penalty either — it can mean an insurance indemni…

It is the seller having its own company reviewed before buyers arrive. Risks are identified and closed off in advance; the data room is set up ready and the process speeds up. The report can usually be put in front of several buyers at once, which is what makes a competitive sale process workable. Where more than one offer is expected, or the sale is time-sensitive, doing the review in advance is what protects against losing value and losing control of the process; the scope is set by the size of the transaction.…

The compliance of the templates with current legislation, the alignment of approval flows with the authority matrix, and the suitability of the electronic signature type for the transaction are critical points. We build the automation together with a legal-validity review.

Seller-verification documents, target-country VAT registrations or OSS/IOSS, GDPR compliance, and packaging/recycling registrations (e.g., Germany's LUCID) are the minimum set. With our market-entry checklist, we close the gaps in a single pass.

Two steps decide whether the injunction survives, and both run on short clocks. First, implementation: if you do not ask for the order to be carried out within one week of the date it was granted, the injunction lapses of its own accord.Second, where the injunction was obtained before proceedings were started, the main action has to be filed within two weeks of implementation — otherwise, again, it lapses automatically. Both periods and the procedure sit in the Code of Civil Procedure (No. 6100). Implementation ru…

Under the current KVKK regime, the most practical route is usually the standard contract announced by the Board; after signing there are registration obligations, including notification to the Board, and safeguards are also required on the GDPR side. We set up your intra-group transfer structure with a single set of contracts compliant with both regimes.

The combination of visa, residence, and work permit varies according to the duration and nature of the assignment; the EU Blue Card and intra-corporate transfer (ICT) are frequently used routes. We plan the correct status while also taking into account the recent facilitations in German immigration law.

A rights analysis of the products to be exhibited, filing a protective brief, reviewing the stand contract, and a crisis communication plan — ideally a few weeks before the fair. We provide a preparation package tied to your fair schedule.

For documenting the discharge of management responsibility, drawing lessons, and supporting a “precautions had been taken” defence in a similar future incident. It is also a reference document in audit and insurance processes.