Clear answers to the questions on your mind.

We deliver a written report containing an executive summary, findings area by area, the risk level of each finding, and a concrete remediation proposal. Findings are grouped by area — company law, contracts, employment, intellectual property, data protection, permits and licences — and each carries a risk grade of high, medium or low. The report does more than count problems: it gives an order of priority and a roadmap. It is kept plain for internal use and can, on request, be prepared in a format fit for investor…

It ties the warranty to a knowledge qualifier and changes the burden of proof; whose knowledge counts (the management list) must be defined. For the buyer, this softening is a point to resist on critical representations.

A holding structure separates different businesses into different legal entities, which buys risk isolation, flexibility in how the group grows, and an easier route to bringing in new shareholders or investors.On the tax side, where the conditions are met, the participation exemption in Article 5 of the Corporate Tax Law (No. 5520) can make moving profit within the group more efficient — that is the specific advantage, rather than a general one. Against it sits the cost: extra accounting, audit and management over…

The period runs from the moment of becoming aware and, in practice, should be managed in calendar days. That is why the response plan is built to cover weekend and holiday scenarios as well.

The report pulls scattered public information about the counterparty into a single decision document. It typically covers the company’s identity, its trade registry and MERSİS records and whether it is genuinely trading; the shareholding structure together with signature and representation powers; the litigation and enforcement history; bankruptcy, composition and attachment records; whatever financial indicators are obtainable; and a press and reputation scan.The records come from legitimate sources — the publici…

If a competitor seeks an ex parte preliminary injunction against you at a trade fair, the court also sees the defence you filed in advance before it rules; this substantially reduces the risk of your stand being shut down without warning. It is part of our routine pre-fair preparation.

The notice periods, liability caps, and escrow arrangements in the agreement come into play; raising the claim on time and in the proper form is critical. We have experience managing such claims on both sides.

The objection route is open and can succeed with strengthened evidence; the civil case, moreover, proceeds independently. Building the file strongly from the outset reduces this risk.

A well-drafted shareholders’ agreement deals with a partner’s default before it happens, and provides graduated consequences rather than one blunt instrument.The usual mechanisms are a period in which to cure the breach; a penalty clause under the Turkish Code of Obligations (No. 6098); temporary restriction of voting and management rights; set-off against dividends; a call option letting the other partner take over the defaulting partner’s shares; and, as a last resort, provisions for exit or expulsion. Built in…

Adoption is the most critical risk of the project; that is why we design the rollout together with training, policy, and measurement. We start with small pilots and scale up based on usage data — we do not let you invest in systems that end up sitting on the shelf.

We manage the hallucination risk by designing the process so that nothing relies blindly on what the model produces. Outputs are generated against the source document wherever possible, which means a finding can be traced back to the document it rests on. Critical findings are always checked by a lawyer against the original source, and only results that have passed that check reach the client.AI does not decide anything here. It is a first-pass tool that makes high-volume work faster; the legal assessment and the…

A party that fails to attend the first mediation meeting without a valid excuse faces a sanction under Article 18/A of the Law on Mediation in Civil Disputes (No. 6325): even if it goes on to succeed in the case, wholly or in part, it can be held liable for all of the litigation costs, and no attorney’s fee is awarded in its favour. The rule applies in mandatory mediation — where mediation is a condition of bringing the action — and it is what actually brings parties to the table.Their non-attendance also ends the…

A division cannot be carried out soundly until every heir has been identified, and one made short of an heir can be set aside afterwards. So the chain of succession is established end to end from the civil registry (MERNİS) records first, and any unknown heirs are traced.Where an heir is identified but cannot be reached at their address, the proper routes of service are used, including service by publication if it comes to that. Where an heir’s whereabouts are unknown, or absence is in issue, the Turkish Civil Cod…

Depending on the realisation rate, the support may be reclaimed in part or in full, with interest. We set up periodic commitment monitoring for early warning and, where necessary, file a revision application in due time.

The ordinary general assembly has to meet within three months of the end of each financial period, under Article 409 of the Turkish Commercial Code (No. 6102). Miss that window and several things follow at once: the management body’s own liability comes into play, and resolutions that depend on the assembly — approval of the financial statements, distribution of profit — simply cannot be taken. In practice bank and credit processes, tenders and authority filings begin to stall for want of them.A delay does not by…

Support already used can be reclaimed with interest, and sanctions may follow. We monitor the conditions on a schedule; when a risk of deviation arises, we protect the structure through an application for an extension of time or a revision.

Breaching the commitment raises the risk of revocation of citizenship. No transfer should be made during the annotation period; exceptional scenarios (inheritance, etc.) must be assessed separately.

Termination rights may arise under critical contracts; customer losses and the return of guarantees may be triggered. The list produced in DD should turn into a closing-day notification plan.

If buy-back, discount, and a sell-off period are not regulated in the contract, post-termination stock becomes the main item of dispute. We close this risk by writing the buy-back formula and the pricing into the contract from the outset.

It submits your defence to the court in advance against a possible preliminary-injunction request, making it harder for the injunction to be granted without a hearing. Before the trade-fair season, we file the protective brief for at-risk products with the central register.

An e-attachment is the mechanism that places a garnishment on a debtor’s bank accounts electronically, quickly and simultaneously, once the enforcement proceedings have become final. It rests on the provisions of the Enforcement and Bankruptcy Law (No. 2004) governing the attachment of rights and receivables held by third parties (Article 89), and runs through the integration between UYAP and the banks.What it gives the creditor is reach: it touches accounts at several banks at once, which improves the chance of r…

In any announcement of a discounted sale the reference price must be the lowest price applied in the 30 days before the discount, and the percentage has to be calculated from that figure. In Türkiye the rule comes from the Law on Consumer Protection (No. 6502) and the Regulation on Discounted Sales; the EU applies a comparable “lowest price in 30 days” rule introduced by the Omnibus Directive.The point of it is to stop the familiar manoeuvre of lifting a price shortly before a campaign and then presenting it as re…

Wages for the idle period and non-reinstatement compensation are the main items; the total reaches significant amounts depending on seniority and the process. This math should be part of the pre-termination decision analysis.

The practical difference is the reach of liability. In a consortium each party is responsible only for the part of the work it has taken on, and each undertakes its own portion separately. In a joint venture the partners are responsible for the whole of the work together, and in most cases jointly and severally.That distinction matters most in public tenders. The Public Procurement Law (No. 4734) treats joint ventures and consortia as separate things, with different consequences for security, for liability and for…