End-to-end legal assurance in investments, acquisitions and commercial transactions.

The review runs on a confidentiality agreement and on staged disclosure: the most sensitive material is opened only at later stages, once the transaction has shown it is real. The NDA carries binding obligations and a penalty clause under the Turkish Code of Obligations (No. 6098), and unlawful disclosure of a trade secret can also give rise to liability under the unfair competition provisions of the Turkish Commerc…

For most steps, no. The greater part of the incorporation, tax and banking work can be done without you travelling, on a power of attorney issued at a consulate or executed abroad, apostilled under the Hague Convention and translated into Turkish. The Foreign Direct Investment Law (No. 4875) puts nothing in the way of a foreign investor incorporating remotely.There is one practical caveat, and it is a banking one ra…

There is no minimum capital requirement aimed at foreign investors as such: the Foreign Direct Investment Law (No. 4875) puts a foreign investor on the same footing as a domestic one. The only floor is the statutory minimum every company has to meet under the Turkish Commercial Code (No. 6102) — TRY 50,000 for a limited liability company (Ltd. Şti.), TRY 250,000 for a joint-stock company (A.Ş.), and TRY 500,000 init…

A holding structure separates different businesses into different legal entities, which buys risk isolation, flexibility in how the group grows, and an easier route to bringing in new shareholders or investors.On the tax side, where the conditions are met, the participation exemption in Article 5 of the Corporate Tax Law (No. 5520) can make moving profit within the group more efficient — that is the specific advanta…

As a rule yes, but most relationships continue without interruption. In a merger, a demerger or a change of legal form, assets, rights and obligations pass to the new structure largely by universal succession under the Turkish Commercial Code (No. 6102). For employment contracts the transfer-of-workplace provisions in Article 6 of the Labour Law (No. 4857) apply: the employment relationship continues, with the emplo…

It depends on the transaction. A simple change of legal form — a limited liability company becoming a joint-stock company, say — is usually done within a few weeks. Mergers, demergers and forming a holding take a few months, because of the valuation, the interim balance sheet, the creditor-protection steps and the sequence of registrations they require.These follow the procedure in Article 134 and following of the T…

It is the seller having its own company reviewed before buyers arrive. Risks are identified and closed off in advance; the data room is set up ready and the process speeds up. The report can usually be put in front of several buyers at once, which is what makes a competitive sale process workable. Where more than one offer is expected, or the sale is time-sensitive, doing the review in advance is what protects again…