Clear answers to the questions on your mind.

In unproblematic files, the initial review phase is a predictably short period; in transactions with overlaps, it can be prolonged by information requests. We build the timetable together with the closing conditions and the long-stop date in the SPA.

There is no single rate; it varies with the strength of the file, the type of item and the conditions of the period. A realistic range can only be built together with an analysis of the litigation prospects — we model this…

It varies by head of claim: contractual claims, insurance notifications and tort limitation periods each run differently. A deadline map should be drawn up as soon as the crisis is closed.

In German practice, the claim must be asserted within one year of termination; under Turkish law, limitation and the way the claim is raised are assessed on a case-by-case basis. A deadline map…

The general practice is a comprehensive check-up once a year, with focused interim reviews upon significant legislative changes. For our ongoing-advisory clients, this cycle is planned as a natural part of the annual work calendar. Beyond the fixed annual cycle, we also recommend an interim review whenever the business changes materially — entering a new market, launching a product line, an acquisition or restructuring, or a shift in your customer base. Such events often create obligations before any law changes,…

Where a matter is genuinely urgent and delay carries real risk, a court can decide an injunction application on the papers, without hearing the other side, on the same day or within a few days. That speed comes from the injunction provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure (HMK, No. 6100), which allow an injunction to be granted on approximate proof of the right rather than on full proof of it.Three things decide whether you get it that fast: a request framed clearly and concretely, a body of evidence that establis…

We work on the principle of responding on the same or next business day for routine questions, and more quickly than that for urgent matters. Because our regular clients work with a dedicated team that knows their files, there is no need to explain everything from scratch with each question; this improves both the speed and the accuracy of the answer. The urgency levels and the channel you prefer — telephone, e-mail, a shared workspace — are settled when the scope of the service is agreed, and availability for cri…

In line with the management covenants in the SPA, and with documentation: decisions affecting the earn-out (investment, pricing) should be put on record. Otherwise a measurement dispute with the seller is inevitable.

In the personnel file, with the defence statement and written minutes attached, in line with personal data retention periods. Scattered emails are not a file.

A promise to sell that is executed before a notary and annotated on the title deed provides the buyer with strong protection; it creates security against the property being sold to third parties. Promises that are unannotated or in ordinary written form, however, carry serious risk. We draw up the agreement correctly and secure its annotation. Its real strength is enforceability: once notarised and annotated, the promise lets you sue for compulsory registration of the transfer if the seller refuses to complete — y…

Keeping everything forever is neither necessary nor compliant. The workable method is a retention-and-destruction policy that sets the statutory period for each type of document — and those periods do not come from one place. The Turkish Commercial Code (No. 6102) requires commercial books and records to be kept for ten years. Tax documents follow the Tax Procedure Law. For personal data, the Personal Data Protection Law (No. 6698) applies a different kind of test altogether: the period laid down in the relevant l…

The data of the reporter, the person reported on, and witnesses must be processed with purpose limitation, access restrictions, and retention periods. A KVKK/GDPR assessment of the channel is a mandatory step of the setup.

You can be — the duty of oversight cannot be delegated. Regular reporting, records of your inquiries, and, where necessary, a recorded dissent are the foundation of your personal defence.

Before the first offer arrives — indeed, before you even start looking for a buyer. Pre-sale legal preparation — correcting records, closing off risks, setting up the data room — increases both the company's value and your bargaining power. In practice that means correcting the shareholding and title-deed records, completing corporate resolutions that were never taken, closing open risks and setting up an orderly data room — work that pre-empts what the buyer’s due diligence would otherwise turn up, and so reduces…

Yes. You do not need to know the debtor’s current address or what they own before you start. Once proceedings are opened the address is established through MERNİS and the records of the relevant institutions, and under the Enforcement and Bankruptcy Law (No. 2004) bank accounts, vehicles, immovable property, shareholdings and receivables owed by third parties are searched through the UYAP query systems.The asset search is one of the critical steps in turning proceedings into actual collection, and it is done syste…

No; going with a lawyer is strongly recommended. The assistance of defence counsel is a fundamental right under the Criminal Procedure Code (No. 5271), which also guarantees the right to remain silent and the right to be told what you are accused of. In economic crime and corporate matters the first statement largely determines how the file develops: even a technical accounting or contractual concept explained incorrectly or incompletely can be read against you later.Your lawyer works through the file and the like…

For most steps, no. If you grant a power of attorney through the Turkish consulate in Germany — or one drawn up in proper form, apostilled and translated — your lawyer can obtain the certificate of inheritance, search the estate, carry out the land registry and bank transfers, deal with the tax formalities and, where it comes to that, handle a sale. The situations that genuinely require you to attend in person are few, and we tell you about them in advance.Succession in property situated in Türkiye is governed by…

Yes. Even if the marketplace takes over some of the platform obligations, the trader details in your seller profile, your return conditions and — in Germany — your packaging/LUCID registration are yours. GPSR responsible-person information is also the seller’s responsibility on a listing-by-listing basis.

Rarely. Most of what due diligence turns up is used to reprice the transaction or to secure it, not to end it. A risk that has been identified can be managed through an adjustment to the purchase price, a condition precedent requiring it to be remedied before closing, a special indemnity aimed at that particular risk, or by holding part of the price in an escrow account under the Turkish Code of Obligations (No. 6098).The red flags that do end a transaction are usually of a different kind: a legal impediment that…

Imaging and return requests are pursued together with the business continuity plan; for critical systems, working from a copy is requested. Redundancy is part of pre-search preparation.

Yes. The pre-assessment and post-assessment settlement mechanisms can significantly reduce penalty and late-payment burdens; and where settlement is not reached or not chosen, the reduction-in-penalties provisions of the Tax Procedure Law (No. 213) or an action in the tax court remain open. These routes are alternatives to one another, and each runs on a short statutory clock: a missed deadline forfeits the right instead of postponing it, which is why the file is worth assessing as soon as the notice arrives. Depe…

If you win, the court orders the losing party to pay a counterparty attorney’s fee. It is calculated under the litigation-costs provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure (No. 6100) and according to the Minimum Attorney Fee Tariff, which is updated annually. That figure is independent of what you agreed with your own lawyer and can differ from it. The court fees you paid and the expert and service costs are, as a rule, also collected from the unsuccessful party, and where you win only in part the costs are apportio…

If no agreement is reached the mediator draws up a final minute and the process ends; the parties can then take the dispute to court. Under the Law on Mediation in Civil Disputes (No. 6325), where the dispute is subject to mandatory mediation that minute satisfies the condition of action and is attached to the statement of claim.What is said in the meetings stays there. The information shared and the proposals made are confidential and, as a rule, cannot be used as evidence in the case that follows. What does carr…

Request the official record and the underlying order, ask for products outside its scope to be set aside, and immediately call in legal representation; here time is measured in hours. For trade fairs in Germany, we have a ready protocol for on-site intervention.