Clear answers to the questions on your mind.

Legally possible but risky: the risk of formal defects and loss is high. For plans involving company shares, we recommend an official will or an inheritance contract.

If you receive visitors and customers from Türkiye, yes: the duty to inform applies regardless of the platform. The notice must explain which data is processed, for what purposes, to which recipients and on what legal basis — according to your actual setup; ready-made templates usually do not reflect the actual situation.

No — a physical meeting is not required for every board resolution. Under Article 390(4) of the Turkish Commercial Code (No. 6102), provided no member asks for a meeting to be held, a resolution can be adopted by circulation: one member puts the proposal in the form of a resolution, and the written approval of a majority of the full number of members is obtained.Resolutions taken that way still have to be entered in the resolution book and signed in proper form; the method changes how consent is gathered, not the…

A written acceptable-use policy is strongly advisable for any company whose staff use ChatGPT-like generative AI tools. Without one, employees can paste customer data, trade secrets and personal data into external tools whose terms may permit further processing, creating exposure under Türkiye's Personal Data Protection Law (KVKK, Law 6698) and, for EU-facing data, the GDPR. A concise policy typically defines approved tools, prohibited data categories, human review of outputs, and a record of who may use what. Pai…

Yes: patent and design risks follow the product, not the brand. The allocation of liability should also be clarified in your customer contract.

It may be: the AI Act also covers third-country companies that place a system on the EU market or whose output is used in the EU. If the product or service you offer from Türkiye has an EU touchpoint, we determine your role (provider/deployer) and clarify the scope of your obligations.

There is no general obligation under Turkish law yet; however, German customers’ LkSG expectations, member state laws applying to your EU subsidiaries, and group policies make one mandatory in practice.

An equal-share structure does carry the risk of deadlock: when the partners cannot agree there is no majority to break the tie, and the company can stop being able to decide anything at all. But that risk is largely a drafting problem, and it can be managed.At formation we write the graduated mechanisms into the shareholders’ agreement — escalation to senior management, an independent board member or a neutral arbitrator, call and put options, and a last-resort exit route — so that each engages before the next bec…

Genuinely anonymised data is outside the scope; however, if re-identification is possible, the data is not considered “anonymous.” We verify the adequacy of the anonymisation technique through legal and technical tests and make your data sets safely usable.

It depends on the context: an expression of empathy and an admission of fault are different things. A well-constructed statement can be both humane and legally safe — we manage the difference at the sentence level.

As a rule yes, for service providers selling through their own website or mobile application. The obligation comes from the Law on the Regulation of Electronic Commerce (No. 6563) and the ETBİS regulation, and a registration in the Electronic Commerce Information System (ETBİS) can be verified publicly through the system itself.Where you sell only through a marketplace — an intermediary service provider — the notification duty rests as a rule with the platform. But if you run your own site alongside a marketplace,…

It is possible where no exclusivity has been granted; however, territory/channel overlaps generate price wars and disputes within the network. Order should be established through selective distribution criteria.

Yes. Process automations can be designed to exchange data with the ERP, CRM and document management systems you already run. The aim is not to move the legal steps into a separate piece of software but to embed them in the workflow you have, so that nobody ends up entering the same data twice.In practice the integration is built through ready-made API connections, webhooks or a middleware layer, with the access permissions defined separately for each system. Where personal data moves between them, the data securit…

Yes, where it is done from the right sources and by the right method. Trade registry and MERSİS records, announcements in the Trade Registry Gazette, court and enforcement records and publicly available financial data are open to anyone; gathering and interpreting them is legitimate due diligence, and the Turkish Commercial Code (No. 6102) proceeds on the publicity of the register.The line begins where personal data and information about private life are collected without authority. Monitoring someone’s private li…

Yes, when it is done in the right framework. A creditor investigating a debtor’s assets in order to exercise rights of enforcement and of suit is acting on a legitimate interest, and most of the work runs through legal mechanisms in any case: the enforcement office inquiries available under the Enforcement and Bankruptcy Law (No. 2004) — land registry, vehicle and bank searches — together with trade registry and MERSİS records and the court and enforcement files. Once proceedings have been started, the debtor also…

Yes, for any company making commercial use of generative output: it shifts the risk of copyright claims to the provider. The scope and exclusions (fine-tuning, your own data) must be read carefully.

Absolutely. In high-risk matters, an independent second opinion is a customary and sound step in international practice. The purpose is not to audit your existing counsel’s work but to have a critical decision confirmed by an independent eye. We work on a confidentiality basis and without disturbing that relationship, assess the file impartially, and report both the risks that have been missed and the alternatives that would strengthen your position. The professional conduct rules for lawyers in Türkiye call for n…

No. The transfer is a standard procedure involving handover of documents and records, opening entries and authorisations. We carry it out seamlessly by timing the transition to the period-end, and in the first months we check the soundness of the previous records and report any risks. Two practical parts of the handover are easy to underestimate: the integrity of the records has to be preserved across the retention periods the Tax Procedure Law (No. 213) sets for books and documents, and the e-ledger, e-invoice, t…

The decision to pay carries serious risks in terms of sanctions lists, anti-money-laundering rules, and insurance conditions, and should never be made in isolation. We manage the decision process by documenting it within a legal framework and handle the notification obligations in parallel.

No. The cooperation can be run through a joint company (an equity JV) or set up purely through a contractual structure. The choice is made according to the project's duration, the size of the investment, the allocation of liability and the tax implications. We lay out both models before you, with their pros and cons. The decisive practical difference is liability and exit. In a purely contractual structure — an ordinary partnership under the Turkish Code of Obligations (No. 6098) — the partners can bear unlimited,…

Yes; incentivised investments are areas with a high likelihood of audit. We periodically screen your documentation through an auditor’s eyes and close the weak points before an audit arrives.

As a rule, commercial electronic messages require prior consent, and consents are managed through İYS; every message must offer an easy opt-out. We migrate your consent base to İYS and set up your form and campaign…

Most files are resolved by negotiation once a solid calculation model is put on the table; litigation is leverage that shows the strength of your evidence. First the model, then negotiation — and litigation if necessary.

As a rule, responsibility follows whoever first places the product on the German market; depending on your model, the registration may sit with you or with your importer. It should be clarified by contract, not left unassigned.