Clear answers to the questions on your mind.

Yes. A refusal is not the end of the process; two routes are open. The first is an objection to the refusal, in time, under the International Labour Force Law (No. 6735) — the period is short, so the decision has to be assessed as soon as it arrives. The second is to cure the ground for refusal and file a fresh application.What decides which one works is reading the stated ground correctly. A missing document, the salary or quota criteria, the employer conditions and a sectoral restriction each call for a differen…

Yes; a statutory period runs for the actual renunciation of the inheritance, and this period must not be missed. An estate investigation is carried out precisely for this decision: we clarify the assets-and-liabilities picture and enable you to make an informed decision to renounce or accept. In an over-indebted estate, official liquidation is also considered. Timing is decisive. The statutory period is three months, and it runs from the point at which the heir learns both of the death and that they are an heir; w…

There should be a single spokesperson, and statements must be aligned with the legal team; a seemingly innocent sentence can be used as an admission in litigation. We prepare crisis communication texts together with you, filtering out the legal risks.

Stop the breach, preserve the relevant evidence — emails, logs, documents — without altering any of it, and make no formal statement before you have a legal assessment. Then open an internal investigation with a defined scope, and work out which notification duties the nature of the incident actually triggers.Those duties are specific rather than general. If it is a personal data breach, notification to the Board and to the individuals concerned arises within a reasonable time under the Personal Data Protection La…

The notification threshold is one thing, dominance scrutiny another; moreover, turnover must be calculated on a group-consolidated basis. Special rules such as the technology exception must not be overlooked either — a short threshold memo…

A lawsuit alone does not confer the right to work; residence and work status must be managed separately. We plan temporary status options together with you.

The control and distribution clauses matter as much as the valuation, and sometimes more. The main ones are the liquidation preference, anti-dilution protection, investor veto and affirmative voting rights, the composition of the board, restrictions on the transfer of founder shares and their vesting, rights of first refusal and tag-along and drag-along rights — and whose stake the option pool is carved out of.A term sheet reads like a statement of intent, and many of its clauses are not binding. That is misleadin…

With the documents complete, the application is prepared through MERSİS and registration at the trade registry usually follows within a few working days. Registration is the moment that matters: it is what gives the company legal personality under the Turkish Commercial Code (No. 6102).What actually governs the timetable is the chain around it — drafting the articles of association correctly, and, where there is a foreign shareholder or foreign documents, the apostille, translation and notarial steps, plus opening…

Batuhan Halim works within Köksal Attorney Partnership as Of Counsel on relevant matters, primarily the Cyprus Desk, Investment & Company Formation, Commercial Contracts and Dispute Management. This work is carried out in a manner aligned with the firm's Services and Practice Areas.

Gökçe Yıldırım works within Köksal Attorney Partnership as Of Counsel on relevant matters, primarily KVKK/GDPR, Employment Law, Compliance Programmes and Contract Operations. This work is carried out in a manner aligned with the firm's Services and Practice Areas.

Gül Efem works within Köksal Attorney Partnership as Of Counsel on relevant matters, primarily Corporate Governance, Association & Foundation Structures, Ongoing Advisory and Contract Management. This work is carried out in a manner aligned with the firm's Services and Practice Areas.

Herdem Belen works within Köksal Attorney Partnership as Of Counsel on relevant matters, primarily Dispute Management, Commercial Litigation, Risk & Preventive Advisory and Media & Reputation. This work is carried out in a manner aligned with the firm's Services and Practice Areas.

Within Köksal Attorney Partnership, Kübra Köksal-Yılmaz serves as a Partner Attorney on relevant matters, primarily in Foreign Direct Investment, Corporate Law, Contract Management and Türkiye-Germany Coordination. She carries out her work in connection with the firm's Services and Practice Areas.

Within Köksal Attorney Partnership, Mehmet Köksal serves as Managing Partner on relevant matters, primarily in Commercial Law, Mergers & Acquisitions, Arbitration and DACH Relations. He carries out his work in connection with the firm's Services and Practice Areas.

Sven Köksal works within Köksal Attorney Partnership as Legal Engineer on relevant matters, primarily Legal Tech, Data & Document Management, Process Automation and Artificial Intelligence. This work is carried out in a manner aligned with the firm's Services and Practice Areas.

Including data breaches, search and seizure, product and supply crises, loss of a key executive, media attacks, and sudden dispute escalation; in any sudden event with a legal dimension.

We work with document sets in three languages: Turkish, German and English. This covers mixed-language data rooms, cross-border correspondence chains and contract bundles where a single file may combine, for example, a Turkish original with a German annex and English side letters. Our review, due diligence and drafting workflows are built around these three working languages, which reflect the firm’s Turkish–German commercial focus and the typical make-up of files in trade between Türkiye, Germany and the wider EU…

Batuhan Halim handles negotiation, contracts and matter management in EN · TR. This means you can proceed with a single point of contact in cross-border work.

Mehmet Köksal conducts negotiations, contracts, and matter management in TR · DE · EN. This means that, in cross-border work, you can proceed with a single point of contact.

Yes — entry can be tested through a distributor, trade fair participation or e-commerce channels; at a certain turnover, a GmbH turns into the advantageous option. We plan the transition strategy in our Expanding into Germany focus area.

Yes — with the right pricing and timing structure it is a deterrent and effective exit tool; but where financing power is asymmetric, it produces unbalanced outcomes. It is designed together with alternative escalation ladders.

In itself it is most often a memorandum of understanding; its force comes from its provisions being written into binding instruments such as the articles of association, the shareholders’ agreement and wills. We build the constitution together with this legal infrastructure.

The constitution itself is a statement of principles; legal force is established by carrying its provisions into the shareholders' agreement and the articles of association. We design every provision together with its “binding layer”.

Not automatically. Turkish courts have generally accepted that de facto reciprocity exists with Germany, so a German judgment that meets the conditions can be enforced by a Turkish court — but reciprocity is assessed case by case under Article 54 of the Act on Private International and Procedural Law (MÖHUK No. 5718). The judgment must be final, the defendant’s defence rights must have been respected, and it must not be contrary to Turkish public policy.