Which treaty applies is determined by the investor’s nationality — in practice, by the country of the legal entity the investment is made through. Türkiye has signed bilateral investment treaties with a large number of countries, so a treaty scan run while the structure is still being set up strengthens the protection at no cost.
Those treaties generally carry the same core guarantees — fair and equitable treatment, compensation on expropriation, the free transfer of funds — together with an investor-state arbitration route. Positioning the investment through the jurisdiction whose treaty with the host country gives the strongest protection can improve your position considerably. But the structure has to rest on real economic substance: where it looks like treaty shopping on paper alone, the protection itself becomes contestable. That is why the treaty scan belongs in the set-up phase, while it is still cheap and while the choice of jurisdiction is still open.
Shall we apply this matter to your situation?
Tell us your specific situation in a few sentences; we'll assess it with the right team.