Clear answers to the questions on your mind.

A division cannot be carried out soundly until every heir has been identified, and one made short of an heir can be set aside afterwards. So the chain of succession is established end to end from the civil registry (MERNİS) records first, and any unknown heirs are traced.Where an heir is identified but cannot be reached at their address, the proper routes of service are used, including service by publication if it comes to that. Where an heir’s whereabouts are unknown, or absence is in issue, the Turkish Civil Cod…

The first rule is not to obstruct the process physically — and to record every step of it and call a lawyer immediately. A search and seizure runs under the Criminal Procedure Code (No. 5271) and as a rule rests on an order, so begin by noting the order itself, its scope and who is authorised to act on it; confirm in the record which documents and devices were taken; and have your reservations entered in that record. Your rights to challenge the order and the record are preserved.While it is going on, we monitor t…

A negative finding does not always mean “walk away”. More often there is a way to manage the risk rather than eliminate it. Depending on how serious the finding is, you can bring in payment up front or in advance, a bank letter of guarantee, a surety, a pledge or a mortgage, a letter of credit, or a staged delivery-and-payment model that breaks the work into phases.Some of these safeguards rest on contract law — the surety and security provisions of the Turkish Code of Obligations (No. 6098) — and others on commer…

In a badly designed review, yes — the risk is real. Examining an employee’s email, device or system logs means processing personal data, so the review is bound by the core principles of the Personal Data Protection Law (No. 6698): a specific and legitimate purpose, a scope limited and proportionate to that purpose, and prior notice to the employee. An unlimited, covert, just-in-case sweep exposes you to a KVKK sanction, to damages claims and to the evidence being ruled invalid.On the employment side, the Labour La…

The first hours matter, and they should be run to a plan and not to a reflex. In order: accuse no one, and do not put the suspect on notice yet, or evidence may be destroyed. Then place the evidence under legal hold — suspend routine deletion and log rotation for e-mails, system and access logs, accounting records and physical documents. Keep the information inside a narrow circle on a need-to-know basis and, where there is a conflict of interest, appoint an impartial team to run the investigation. Only then commi…

Because the value of a digital record depends as much on how it was obtained and kept as on what it says. If you cannot document who took the data, when, and by what method, the other side will argue that the record may have been altered afterwards or obtained unlawfully — and the evidence becomes something to litigate about rather than something to rely on.The chain of custody is the unbroken record that closes that gap: forensic imaging, integrity verified by hash value, access logs and every step committed to a…