Clear answers to the questions on your mind.

Yes, provided they were obtained lawfully. WhatsApp exchanges you were a party to, screenshots and exported records can all be put before a court, and their integrity can be reinforced by having them formally determined before a notary or examined by an expert.What decides it is how the evidence was obtained. The Code of Civil Procedure (No. 6100) provides that evidence obtained unlawfully cannot form the basis of a judgment. So getting into the other side’s phone without permission, breaking a password or covertl…

They help but are not sufficient: the LkSG additionally requires human rights and environmental due diligence, a complaints mechanism and supply chain transparency. We integrate your existing management systems into the programme and prevent duplicated…

Yes. We conduct and report the defence strategy, the preparation for statements and the developments in the file in German or English; and in official proceedings we also take on the coordination of a sworn translator. A team that knows both legal cultures is decisive for foreign managers. This is also a legal right, not merely a service: the Criminal Procedure Code (No. 5271) entitles anyone who cannot defend themselves adequately in Turkish to an interpreter for statements and hearings, at no cost to them. We ma…

As a rule criminal liability is personal. Under the Turkish Penal Code (No. 5237) a manager is punished only for culpable participation in the act — committing it, inciting it or assisting in it — and holding a title, by itself, creates no criminal liability at all.In practice the risk is still real. Where an incident falls inside your duties, your authority or your area of oversight — a transaction carrying your signature, or a process you were expected to supervise — you can be drawn into the investigation as a…

Obtain legal support before giving any statement or signing any document; the first statement determines the fate of the file. We map your personal risk through your job description, signing authorities, and decision records, and build the defence accordingly.

In practice, at the threshold of 5+ foreign employees or 5+ applications per year, a programme works out cheaper than case-by-case management — even leaving the risks aside.

Not in every case. As a rule it is the company’s decision whether to file a criminal complaint, and even where an internal investigation turns up a suspicion of an offence, starting a criminal process is a strategic choice weighed against its commercial, reputational, recovery and evidential consequences. In some files terminating the employment and pursuing damages is the better first move.There are situations where reporting is not discretionary, though. Where money laundering or a suspicious transaction is in p…

As soon as the market decision firms up, before the incorporation documents are drafted. After signing, a model is no more than "damage assessment".

Where the numbers set out in the law according to the size of the workplace are exceeded within a one-month period, the collective-dismissal procedure (notifications, waiting periods) applies. We plan the restructuring in compliance with this procedure and in a way that reduces litigation risk.

The third party chosen by the user may be a competitor; however, the Regulation places limits on using the data to develop a competing product, and contractual protection can be structured.

Yes, and this is the most effective way: the call list, evidence instructions, notification inventory, and communication templates are prepared in advance. It is kept alive with an annual tabletop exercise.

Different regimes apply to Turkish companies with foreign capital and to foreign legal entities; the permit processes vary according to the field of activity, the region, and military-security restrictions. We determine the acquisition route suited to your structure and conduct the permit and title-deed processes. In short: a Türkiye-incorporated company with foreign capital may acquire property for its field of activity, subject to a security-clearance review in restricted zones, while a company incorporated abro…

As a rule, yes; there are country-based exceptions, military-zone restrictions, and additional procedures for acquisition through a company. We manage the title-deed processes together with due diligence and also plan the acquisition structure from a tax perspective.

An opinion does not bind the court. The judge applies the law of their own motion and is not held to a view submitted by one side. It can, though, be put on the file in support of a party’s arguments.The Code of Civil Procedure (No. 6100) expressly allows the parties to submit an expert opinion on matters calling for special or technical knowledge. In complex commercial and technical disputes that contributes to the court’s assessment and sharpens the framework within which the court-appointed expert then works. A…

Penalty clauses that are one-sided against the employee are invalid; reciprocity and proportionality are required. Legitimate structures such as repayment of training costs must also be balanced.

The two operate on different planes: provisions capable of registration go into the articles of association, while relational commitments are written into the shareholders’ agreement. We structure this division of labour deliberately.

Yes. Where a debtor has connections abroad, and to Germany in particular, their assets there can be investigated. In Germany the commercial register (Handelsregister), the land records and company information are accessible to a degree, and can be searched by working in coordination with local colleagues and with the enforcement instruments available there.The real question is turning a finding into a recovery. For a Turkish court or enforcement decision to be applied in Germany it has to be recognised and enforce…

Material belonging to the defence relationship is protected; on-site separation and a recorded objection are essential. In mixed environments, a sealing and subsequent filtering procedure is requested.

It depends on the programme: the SME definition, shareholding ratios, and the special conditions of certain calls are decisive. Have an eligibility screening done before applying.

Often, yes. Deleted e-mails and files can frequently be recovered through server backups, mailbox retention windows, shadow copies and forensic imaging of drives, but the window narrows quickly, because systems overwrite freed space over time. That is why preservation should begin the moment a suspicion arises: a legal hold stops routine deletion and log rotation, and forensic imaging captures the data with a verifiable hash so it stands up later. How recovery is carried out also matters. To be usable in court in…

As a rule, a transfer passes contracts over automatically; the consequences of an employee's objection vary by scenario. Transfer communications and orderly documentation close these questions off in advance.

Yes — with segment-based annex sets: a critical/standard supplier distinction and quality annexes by product group. The architecture is built precisely for this kind of scaling.

Yes, and it is one of the more useful things to do before deciding to sue; we call it a collectability analysis. Before embarking on an expensive action, enforcement proceedings or arbitration, we build a picture of the debtor’s assets from public and lawfully accessible sources — real property, vehicles, shareholdings, the trade registry, and enforcement and bankruptcy records — and answer the question that actually matters: even if we win, will we be able to collect?This work does not involve obtaining private i…

Yes. You can pursue a case in Türkiye through a lawyer by granting a power of attorney, without coming to the country at all. A power of attorney executed abroad has to carry an apostille under the Hague Convention and be translated into Turkish. Under the Code of Civil Procedure (No. 6100) a party is represented by their lawyer at most stages, and attending hearings in person is generally not required.Personal attendance may be needed only for the oath, for certain testimony and for acts that are strictly persona…